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#301 Dispersal (Composite) Plating of Precision Parts

Category : Electroplating
July21, 2017

Dispersal plating, which is also called composite plating, involves dispersion of chemically insoluble fine particles such as ceramic particles in electroplating or electroless plating baths to co-precipitate them with the plating metal. Nickel plating bath is generally used as the plating bath.

[Photo 1] shows a cross section of silicon carbide (SiC) -dispersed nickel plating film. It shows that silicon carbide is evenly dispersed in the nickel film and is also exposed on the film surface. The properties of the dispersed particles determine the characteristics of the plating film, such as enhanced wear resistance or self-lubricity.

[Table] shows the plating types and film characteristics of dispersal plating.

[Table] Plating types and film characteristics of dispersal plating
Types of plating bath Film characteristics Dispersed particles
1.
Nickel electroplating
Watts bath
Sulfamate bath

2.
Electroless nickel plating bath
Others such as cobalt
Wear resistance,
heat resistance
Oxides (silicon dioxide, alumina, zirconia, tungsten trioxide, titanium dioxide, etc.)
Carbides (silicon carbide, chromium carbide, tungsten carbide, boron carbide, etc.)
Self-lubricity Molybdenum disulfide, graphite, boron nitride, graphite fluoride, fluorinated polymer compounds, etc.
Nonadherence Graphite fluoride, fluoropolymer (Teflon, etc.)
[Photo 1]

Cross-sectional photo of silicon carbide-dispersed nickel plating film

Titanium carbide and tungsten carbide are co-precipitated in gold or palladium plating used for electrical contacts, or graphite is co-precipitated in palladium plating to improve wear resistance. A gear with PTFE (e.g. Teflon) -dispersed nickel-plating

*Self-lubricity means that the film itself has lubricity and is capable of preventing wear without use of a lubricant. It is an essential property for devices used in space and vacuum.
Non adherence means that an object does not stick to or repels other objects and contributes to dust-proofing, easy sliding, wear resistance, and contamination resistance.

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