JIS B 9700:2013 (Basic concepts for design) defines technical principles for incorporating safety features during the machinery design phase. This section is useful for checking safety design items.

(1) General technical knowledge on mechanical design (Reference: Safety of Machinery in JIS Handbook (72))

The following items are general requirements:

a) Mechanical stress

- Stress limitation by implementation of correct calculation, construction and fastening methods e.g. bolted assemblies, welded assemblies
- Stress limitation by overload prevention (e.g. "fusible" plugs, pressure-limiting valves)
- Avoiding fatigue in elements under variable stresses (notably cyclic stresses)
- Static and dynamic balancing of rotating elements

b) Materials and their properties

- Resistance to corrosion, aging, abrasion and wear
- Hardness, ductility, brittleness
- Homogeneity
- Toxicity
- Flammability

c) Emission values on the followings:

- Noise
- Vibration

(2) Provisions for stability

- Geometry of the base
- Weight distribution including loading
- Dynamic forces due to movements
- Vibration
- Oscillation of the center of gravity
- Characteristics of the supporting surface in case of traveling or installation on different sites (e.g. ground conditions, slope)
- External forces (e.g. wind pressure, manual forces)

(3) Other regulations and codes

d) Provisions for maintainability
e) Observing ergonomic principles --- To reduce mental or physical stress and strain of the operator
f) Preventing electrical hazard
g) Preventing hazards from pneumatic and hydraulic equipment
h) Applying intrinsic safety design measures to control systems