Locating a part will mean applying some forces on the part to avoid it from moving. If inappropriate forces and means to hold the part are applied, it may result in deformation. Here, locating methods that avoid such deformation will be explained.

(1) Operations with problematic deformation

Following operations and processes often result in deformation problems

1. When fixturing parts on machining fixtures for milling >> Cannot obtain machining accuracies
2. Deformation occurring when clamping work-pieces on automated assembly operations >> Unstable assembly operations
3. Deformation of parts on inspection fixtures for profile inspections >> Low inspection reliability
4. Others: Deformation due to physical reasons such as heat expansion and contraction --- <Omitted here>

(2) Why deformation occur

Cause for deformation is simples.

For machining operations, the parts to be machined will have to be clamped at force levels higher than that of the deformation strength of the part for safety reasons.

(3) Locating methods to avoid deformation

The basic of locating methods in avoiding deformation is to consider a locating feature with the following points in mind.

1. Consider the deformation strength of the part section where holding forces are applied.
2. If possible deformation is anticipated, use auxiliary support components when applying the holding force.
3. Choose directions of forces that hardly cause deformations when applying the holding forces.
4. Choose part locations where deformation will not result.

Here, a fixturing method to avoid deformations was explained. However, in a strict sense, the examples [Fig.1] and [Fig.2] are fixturing conditions where some metal elastic deformation within tolerable ranges are allowed.